Cellobiose is a disaccharide, a reducing sugar, consists of two β-glucose molecules linked by a β(1→4) bond. It can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid.

Hsp Heat shock protein (3-13)

8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) is a marker for measuring the rate of oxidative damage to nucleic acids and lipids.The concentration of 8-OHG in CSF in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is approximately three-fold that in controls. The concentration of 8-OHG in CSF decreased significantly with the duration of disease. However, the concentration of 8-OHG in serum was not significantly altered in PD patients compared to that in controls.